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Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Approach
1.2 Methodology
1.3 Structure of the Report
2 BACKGROUND
2.1 Scenarios for Emissions Abatement
2.2 Earlier Analyses
2.3 Issues in Benefits Analysis and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
3 METHODS - COSTS
3.1 Development of Cost Curves
3.2 Mapping Emission Totals
4 RESULTS - COSTS
4.1 Overall Costs
4.2 Regioanl Costs
5 METHODS - BENEFITS
5.1 Overview
5.2 Effects of the Pollutants
5.3 Sources of Data for the Analysis
5.4 Characterising Uncertainties
6 RESULTS - BENEFITS
6.1 Pollutant Exposures
6.2 Critical Loads Exceedence
6.3 Results for impacts on crops, materials, mortality and respiratory hospital admissions
6.4 Application of additional exposure-response functions identified by COMEAP
6.5 Application of EAHEAP Valuations
6.6 Valuation of additional effects for which COMEAP provided functions
6.7 Chronic effects on mortality
6.8 Application of other Functions and valuations used in the studies for UNECE and the EC
6.9 Comparison of Costs and Benefits
7 CONCLUSIONS
8 APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Abbreviations and terminology
Appendix 2: Scenario data from RAINS
Appendix 3: Monitoring for the proposed Ozone
Directive
Appendix 4: Analysis using HARM and ELMO
Appendix 5: Analysis using RAINS and ASAM
Appendix 6: Detailed results for acidification and
eutrophication
Appendix 7: Inputs to the benefits analysis
Appendix 8: Full results from the cost-benefit
analysis
Appendix 9: References
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