1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose of this manual 1.2 Background 1.3 Network operation and administration 1.4 Air quality standards and guidelines 1.4.1 EC Directive 80/779: the Smoke and SO2 Directive 1.4.2 The Daughter Directive 1.4.3 The National Air Quality Strategy 2 Methods of Measurement 2.1 Black Smoke 2.2 Sulphur Dioxide 3 The 8-Port Sampler 3.1 Apparatus 3.2 Components of the Sampling Instrument 3.3 Reagents and Accessories 3.3.1 For the assessment of smoke stains 3.3.2 For sulphur dioxide measurement 4 Siting and Installation of Sampling Equipment 4.1 Selection of sampling site 4.2 Location of the sampler 4.3 Sampling Inlet 4.4 network site data records 5 Routine Operation of the Sampler 5.1 The sampler in use 5.1.1 Labelling of Components 5.1.2 Weekly Procedure 5.1.3 Interruptions to Power Supply 5.1.4 Containers for Transporting Peroxide Samples 5.2 Obtaining Good Smoke stains 5.3 Bubbler (DRESCHEL) Bottles 5.3.1 Use and Care of Bubblers 5.3.2 Conditioning of new Dreschel Bottles 5.3.3 Evaporation 5.3.4 Freezing 5.4 The 8-Port Valve 5.5 Reading the Gas Meter 5.6 Care and maintenance of the Pump 5.6.1 The CAPEX Pump 5.6.2 The Dymax Pump 5.7 Checking Flowrates 5.8 What to do about High Flowrates 5.9 What to do about low flowrates

6 The Assessment of Sulphur Dioxide 6.1 Principles of the method 6.2 Strength of Solutions 6.2.1 Sulphuric acid and di-Sodium Tetraborate 6.2.2 Hydrogen Peroxide 6.3 Use and care of laboratory glassware 6.3.1 Cleaning and Rinsing 6.3.2 Filling Volumetric Containers 6.3.3 Use and Care of the Burettes 6.3.4 Reading the Burette 6.4 Titration of exposed samples 6.5 Preparation of Solutions 6.5.1 Di-Sodium tetraborate Solution 0.002 mol dm-3 (0.002 M, N/250 ) 6.5.2 Sulphuric Acid 0.002 mol dm -3 (0.002 M or N/250 ) 6.5.3 Preparation of pH 4.5 dilute hydrogen peroxide solution (1 vol) 6.6 Testing acid and borate strength 6.7 Preparation of a new Colour Control 6.8 Calculation of sulphur dioxide concentrations 6.9 Preparation of new STORAGE containers 6.9.1 Glass 6.9.2 Plastic Containers 6.10 Deterioration of the indicator 7 Assessment of Smoke Stains 7.1 The Reflectometer 7.2 Set-up and use of reflectometer 7.2.1 Setting up the Analogue Reflectometer 7.2.2 Setting up the Digital (43D) Reflectometer 7.2.3 Setting up the Kemtronix (Digital conversion) Reflectometer 7.2.4 Measurement of smoke stains 7.3 Calculation of Smoke Concentrations 7.3.1 Use of "Look-up Tables" 7.3.2 Formulae used in Calculating Concentrations 8 Network Data Return 8.1 Pollution Year Calendar 8.2 Data return form 8.3 Points to Note 8.4 Common Errors 8.5 Data required for calculations 8.6 Continuity of monitoring: Breakdown of equipment 9 Regular Checks 9.1 Weekly Checks 9.2 Two-monthly Checks: 9.3 Six-Monthly Checks 9.4 Checking for leakage

Appendices Appendix 1 READING THE GAS METER Appendix 2 SETTING THE 8-PORT TIMER Appendix 3 LOOK-UP TABLES

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