Appendix 1 References

ACEA (1995), "Evaporative Emissions Test Programme: Preliminary Report Including Diurnal Test Results", AE137/95

ADAS (1995a) - personal communication to A Croxford (MAFF). Distribution of animal waste management systems for cattle

ADAS (1995b) personal communication to A Croxford MAFF. Linseed burning data

Agricultural Economics Unit Exeter University. (1996). The Structure of Pig Production in England & Wales: The Results of the National Survey of Pig Production Systems. Special Studies in Agricultural Economics Report No 33 ISBN 1 870558 38 3. Distribution of animal waste management systems for pigs.

Alcan (1997), Personal communication from A Walker, Alcan International.

Alcan (2000), Personal Communication from J Clarkson, Alcan International.

Andre, M, Hassel, D., Hickman, A.J. and Joumard, R., The Science of the Total Environment, 134, 171 (1993)

Bailey, JC and Schmidl, (1989), B "A Survey of Hydrocarbons Emitted in Vehicle Exhaust Gases Over a Range of Driving Speeds and Conditions from a Representative Sample of the 1986/87 UK Vehicle Fleet", Warren Spring Laboratory Report LR 673 (AP) M

Barty, R, (1995), Energy Policy and Analysis Unit, DTI, Personal Communication.

Bennet, S, Kershaw, S, Burrell, R, (1995), Control Measures for Methane Emissions from Coal Production, ETSU N/01/00006/REP

BGS(2001), United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook 2000, British Geological Survey, Natural Environment Research Council.

BISPA, (1997), Personal Communication from M Funnell, British Iron and Steel Producers Association.

BITOR, (1995), Orimulsion® A Natural Bitumen Dispersed in Water, BITOR Europe

Blyth, WJ, Collingwood, JC, Pratten, NA, (1996), Estimation and Projection of NOx and SOx Emissions from UK Industrial Sectors, Phase 2. ETSU REF RYTA 18400734/Z/3

Boulter, P.G., (1996), "Factors Affecting Cold-Start Emissions: A Review", Transport Research Laboratory Report, PR/SE/183/96, September 1996.

BP Chemicals, (2000), Personal Communication

Brain, SA, Carr, CE, Davies, M, Rantell, T, Stokes, BJ. (1994), Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Coal-Fired Appliances, DTI, Coal R&D, Report No COAL R033

Brewers Licensed Retail Association (January 1998) - pers comm to R Gerry (MAFF). Estimate of dry matter content of hops.

British Cement Association (2000), Personal communication from L Parrott

British Coal (1989) Personal Communication.

British Gas (1988), Personal Communication

British Gas (1992) Personal Communication from FE Shephard, London Research Station. Ref 16419127/DR/001/GS.

British Gas (1993) Personal Communication from C Rose, Regional Services Engineering Dept, London, Ref 16419127/DR/136/GS

British Gas (1994) Personal Communication from S Pearson, Gas Research Centre, Loughborough, Leics. Ref 16419127/DR/137/GS

British Glass (1998) Personal Communication

British Glass (2000). Data reported on website

British Steel (2000), Personal Communication.

Brown, K (1995), Personal Communication, ETSU, AEA Technology, Harwell.

Brown, KA, Smith, A, Burnley, SJ, Campbell, DJV, King, K, Milton, MJT, (1999) Methane Emissions from UK Landfills, AEA Technology, AEAT-20624, Culham

BSFP, (2000). British Survey of Fertiliser Practice: Fertiliser Use on Farm Crops for Crop Year 1999, MAFF, FMA, SO. ISBN 0 11 495885 8. Published by the Stationery Office (Data for preceding years comes from earlier versions of the same publication)

Burton, (1982), Post-Harvest Physiology of Crops, Longman, London, ISBN 0-582-46038-7

CIS (1991), Chem Facts UK, Chemical Intelligence Services, Reed Telepublishing, Dunstable, Beds, UK

Celtic Energy Ltd, (2000), Personal Communication, from RE Morris, Marketing and Contracts

Clayton, P, Coleman, P, Leonard, A, Loader, A, Marlowe, Mitchell, D, Richardson, S, Scott, D, (1991), Review of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration in the UK, LR 776 (PA), Warren Spring Laboratory, Stevenage.

Collingwood, J, (1997), ETSU, AEA Technology, Personal Communication

CONCAWE (1985), Hydrocarbon emissions from gasoline storage and distribution systems’, CONCAWE report No. 85/54

CONCAWE, (1987), "An Investigation into Evaporative Hydrocarbon Emissions from European Vehicles", Report 87/60

CONCAWE, (1990), "The Effects of Temperature and Fuel Volatility on Vehicle Evaporative Emissions", Report 90/51

Confederation of Passenger Transport (1999), communication, November 1999

CORINAIR (1989), CORINAIR Inventory, Commission of the European Community, Default Emission Factors Handbook, 1st ed, CITEPA, Paris.

CORINAIR (1992) CORINAIR Inventory, Commission of the European Community, Default Emission Factors Handbook, 2nd ed., CITEPA, Paris.

CSGB, (2000), The Cremation Society of Great Britain, Personal Communication.

DETR (1996a), data from "Continuous Survey of Road Goods Transport" communication, June 1996.

DETR (1996b), Air and Environment Quality Division communication, May 1996.

DETR (1997), "National Road Traffic Forecasts (Great Britain) 1997"

DETR (1998a), "Road Travel Speeds in English Urban Areas: 1996/97", Transport Statistics Report, January 1998

DETR (1998b), "Traffic Speeds in Central and Outer London: 1996-97", DETR Statistics Bulletin (98) 17, April 1998

DETR (1998c), "Vehicle Licensing Statistics:1997", Transport Statistics Report, June 1998

DETR (1998d), "Traffic Speeds in Inner London: 1998", DETR Statistics Bulletin (98) 22, November 1998

DETR (1998e), data from National Travel Survey, Transport Statistics communication, March 1998.

DETR (1998f), C McMullen, Personal Communication

DETR (1999), Global Atmosphere Division, Personal Communication

DETR (2000b), "Transport Statistics Great Britain: 2000 edition"

DETR (1996c), "Transport Statistics Great Britain: 1996 edition"

DETR (2000d) Department of the Environment. Monthly Statistics of Building Materials and Components.

DETR (1999e), "Vehicle Licensing Statistics:1998", Transport Statistics Bulletin (SB(99) 16), 1999

DETR (1999f), "New Car Fuel Consumption and Emission Figures", July 1999

DETR, (2001), Digest of Environmental Statistics, No.23.

DOE (1992), The UK Environment, HMSO, London, 1992

DOE (1994), Sustainable Development. The UK Strategy, HMSO, London, 1994.

DOE, (1995), Digest of Environmental Statistics No 17, HMSO

DoE, N. Ireland (1997), "Vehicle Kilometres of Travel Survey of Northern Ireland Annual Report", Deprtment of the Environment for Northern Ireland Roads Service, December 1997.

DTI, (1992), Business Monitor PAS 4196.

DTI (1997) The Energy Report 2, Oil and Gas Resources of the United Kingdom, Department of Trade and Industry, The Stationary Office.

DTI, (2000), Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2000, London, The Stationary Office.

DTI, (1998), Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 1998, London, The Stationary Office.

DTI (2000b) The Energy Report 2, Oil and Gas Resources of the United Kingdom, Department of Trade and Industry, HMSO.

DTI (1999a) Brown Book

DTI (2000a), DTI Tyre Working Group, Private Communication from P Hallett

DuPont, (2000), Personal Communication, Young, AT, DuPont (UK) Ltd, Wilton.

Eastern Electricity, (1999), Personal Communication

Eggleston HS and JG Irwin (1993), unpublished results, Warren Spring Laboratory

EIPPCB (2000), Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC): Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Glass Manufacturing Industry, October 2000

DOE, (1993), UK Sewage Sludge Survey, CES Limited, HMSO

Environment Agency, (1997) Chemical Release Inventory, 1996, Personal Communication

Environment Agency, (2000a) UK Inventory Existing Plant Emissions. Personal Communication, R Chase, Environment Agency

Environment Agency, (2000) Pollution Inventory, 1999, Personal Communication

EMEP (1990), European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme. Proceedings of the EMEP Workshop on Emissions from Ships. State Pollution Control Authority, Norway.

EMEP/CORINAIR, (1996), Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook, 1st Edition, ed. G McInnes

EMEP/CORINAIR, (1999), Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook, 2nd Edition, ed. S Richardson

E & P Forum, (1994), Methods for Estimating Atmospheric Emissions from E&P Operations, The Oil Industry International Exploration & Production Forum, Report No 2.59/197

European Environment Agency (1997), COPERT II : Computer Programme to Calculate Emissions from Road Transport - Methodology and Emission Factors, P Ahlvik et al, European Topic Centre on Air Emissions, European Environment Agency, April 1997

Fynes, G, Sage, PW,(1994), Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from Coal Fired Plant, British Coal, Coal Research Establishment, CERCHAR, DMT, Delft University of Technology, TPS Termiska Processer AB, CONTRACT NO JOUF 0047-C(SMA)

Gibson, Nigel B., Costigan, Gavin T., Swannell, Richard P.J., & Woodfield, Michael J. (1995), Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emissions during Malting and Beer Manufacture, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 29, No. 19, pp 2661 – 2672

Gover, MP, Hitchcock, GS, Collings, SA, Moon, DP, (1994), UK Petrol and Diesel Demand, Energy and Emissions Effects of a Switch to Diesel, ETSU, Harwell.

Goodwin, JWG, Salway, AG, Murrells, Dore, CJ, Eggleston, HS, (1999) UK Emissions of Air Pollutants, 1970-1997, AEA Technology, AEAT-EEQC/0015,

Hickman, J, (1998), Transport Research Laboratory, communication, February 1998

Hjellbrekke, AG, Lovblad G, Sjoberg K, Schaug J, Skjelmoen JE (1995) EMEP Data Report 1993, Part 1: Annual Summaries, EMEP Norway.

Hobson, J, Palfrey, R, Sivil, D, Palfrey, E, Day, M, (1996) Control Measures to Limit Methane Emissions from Sewage and Sludge Treatment and Disposal, WRc , Report No DoE 4118

Hydro Agri plc, (2000) Personal Communication.

ICI, (2000), Personal Communication

Infras (1995), "Workbook on Emission Factors for Road Transport: explanatory notes", Infras, Bern

IPCC, (1995), IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 3, Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reference Manual, IPCC WGI Technical Support Unit, Hadley Centre, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, UK.

IPCC, (1997) Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 3, Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reference Manual.

IPCC, (2000), Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, ed. Penman, J et al, IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Technical Support Unit, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan.

ISSB, (2000) Iron and Steel Industry, Annual Statistics for the UK, 1999. ISSB Limited

Jenkin, MR, Passant, NR, Rudd, HJ, (2000), Development of Species Profiles for UK Emissions of VOCs, AEA Technology, Report AEAT\EPSC-0044, Culham

Kemira, (2000), Personal communication from Kemira Ince Limited.

Keddie, AWC, Bower, JS, Maughan, RA, Roberts, GH, Williams, FP (1978), The Measurement, Assessment and Prediction of Air Pollution in the Forth Valley of Scotland- Final Report, Warren Spring Laboratory, Stevenage, Report LR 279 (AP)

Larkin, SBC, Lee, M, McInnes, G, Sharp, M, Simmonds, AC (1985) The Measurement of Air Pollution and Other Factors Relating to the Practice of Straw and Stubble Burning. Warren Spring Laboratory, Stevenage, Report LR 518 (AP) M

Leech, P, (1994) Air Pollutant Emission Inventories for Heathrow Terminal 5 Study. Vol 2. Warren Spring Laboratory, Report LR 999

Lord, (1997). Factor for biological nitrogen fixation by improved grass personal communication to S Gleave (MAFF)

LRC (1998), London Research Centre, UK Emission Factor Database.

LT Buses (1998), "Buses: A Cleaner Future. Bus Emissions and Air Quality in London", London Transport Buses Report, 1998

MAFF(1995) Straw Disposal Survey. Data for earlier years taken from previous editions of the survey. Field burning data. Contact Government Buildings Epsom Rd Guildford Surrey GU1 2LD for copies.

MAFF, (1997), Farm Incomes in the UK 1995/96,The Stationery Office, London, ISBN 0-11-2543026-0

MAFF, (2000a), Personal communications from S Ellis, Rural and Marine Environment Division.

MAFF, (2000b), Agriculture in the UK 1999, The Stationary Office, London.

MAFF (2000d), Basic Horticultural Statistics for the United Kingdom. Calendar and crop years 1984-1998.

MAFF, (2000e), The National Food Survey, 1990-99, Personal Communication.

MOD(2000) Defence Fuels Group, MF1b, Marine Fuels, Ministry of Defence, Personal Communication.

MOD(2000a), Defence Fuels Group, SO3 Aviation Fuel, Personal Communication.

Munday, PK, (1990) UK Emissions of Air Pollutants 1970-1988, LR 764 (AP) M, Warren Spring Laboratory, Stevenage.

Murrells, T.P. (2000), "UK Road Transport Emission Projections: The Assumptions Used and Results of the 1997 National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory Base Projections", AEA Technology Report AEAT-5953, January 2000

National Power (1997) Environmental Performance Review 1997

National Power (1999) Personal Communication

Nix, J, (1997), Farm Management Pocket Book 1998, 28th ed., Wye College Press, Ashford)

NSAA (2000), Personal Communication from P Latham, The National Sulphuric Acid Association Limited

Ogilvie, SM, (1995), Opportunities and Barriers to Scrap Tyre Recycling, National Environmental Technology Centre, AEA/CS R1026/C, ISBN 0 85624 864 7

Oilfield Publications (1996) North Sea Field Development Guide, 6th ed., Oilfield Publications Limited, Ledbury, Herts.

ONS (1995), UK Defence Statistics 1994, Office of National Statistics, HMSO

ONS (2001), Annual Abstract of Statistics 2001, Office of National Statistics, The Stationary Office

Passant, NR, (1993), Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Stationary Sources in the UK: A review of emission factors by species and process. (Sept 1993 Update), LR 990 Warren Spring Laboratory, Stevenage

Passant, NR, Lymberidi, E ,(1998), Emissions of Non Methane Volatile Organic Compounds from Processes and Solvent Use, AEA Technology, Report No AEAT-2837 Issue 1

Patel, N, (2000), Personal Communication, NETCEN, Culham.

Perry, RE, (2000), Report on a Project to Measure Emisions and Calculate Emission Factors for a range of Pollutants released to air during the Combustion of Solid Fuels on an Open Fire, CPL Ref 00/341

Off-Highway Research Ltd (2000). International Database Service

Petroleum Review, (2000), 2000 UK Retail Marketing Survey. A special Supplement to Petroleum Review, Institute of Petroleum, March 2000.

PGRE, (1998), Personal Communication to R Gerry (MAFF) Estimate of dry matter content of field beans - January 1998

Powergen (1994) Personal communication from D Grist, Corporate Environment Unit.

Powergen (1997) Environmental Performance Report 1996

PowerGen (1999) Personal Communication

PRI (1995). Communication from Precision Research International

PRI (1998). Communication from Precision Research International

QUARG, (1996), Airborne Particulate Matter in the United Kingdom. Third report of the Quality of Urban Air Review Group, Department of Environment. ISBN 0 9520771 32

Richards, HD, Williams, LJ,(1984) Oil Loss Control, Petroleum Review, Nov, pp 29-35.

RJB Mining (UK) Ltd, (2000), Personal Communication from CA McGlen, Marketing Department

RJB Mining (UK) Ltd, (2000a), Personal Communication from M Allen,

Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, (1993), 17th Report, Incineration of Waste, HMSO, London

Rudd, HJ, (1995), Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Stationary Sources in the United Kingdom: Speciation, AEA Technology, National Environmental Technology Centre, AEA/CS/16419033/REMA-029/ISSUE1.

Rudd, HJ, Mikkelsen, M, (1996), Emissions of Volatile Organic Componds from Ship Purging in the UK. AEA Technology, AEAT/20034001/REMA-208

Russell, P, (1997), Personal Communication, Safety and Environment Directorate, BG plc.

Sage, PW, (2001), Methane from Abandoned Coal Mines in the UK, AEA Technology, Report AEAT/ENV/R/0500, Harwell

Samaras, Z, Zierock, KH, (1993) Notes on the Assessment of the Emissions of Off-Road Mobile Machinery in the European Community

Samaras, Z, Zierock, KH, (1994). Supplement to above.

Samaras, Z, (1996), Personal Communication

Scottish Coal, (2000), Personal Communication, Marketing.

SCOPEC,(2000), Environmental Database for Emissions and Discharges from Offshore Installations, Atmospheric Emissions Inventory, 1999. Personal communication from G Harvey, UK Offshore Operators Association.

Simpson, D., Winiwarter, W., B÷rjesson, G., Cinderby, S., Ferreiro, A., Guenther, A., Hewitt,C.N., Janson, R., Khalil, M.A.K., Owen, S., Pierce, T.E., Puxbaum, H., Shearer, M., Skiba, U., Steinbrecher, R., Tarrason, L., and Iquist, M.G., (1999) Inventorying emissions from nature in Europe, J. Geophys. Res., in press

Smith, K, (1998), Personal communication from K Smith, ADAS.

SMMT (1999), Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, communication, November 1999

Sneath RW, Chadwick DR, Phillips VR & Pain BF. May (1997). A UK inventory of Methane (/Nitrous Oxide) Emissions from farmed Livestock. Two contract reports to MAFF for projects WA0604/5 from SRI/IGER, ADAS(1997)

Stewart, R, Walker, D, (1996), Emissions to Atmosphere from Fossil Fuel Power Generation in the UK, AEA Technology, AEAT-0746, ISBN 0-7058-1735-3

Stewart, R, (1997), Gaseous and PM10 Emission Factors for Station ‘W’ - a Modern CCGT Power Plant, AEA Technology, AEA/20011002/002/Issue 1

SWA, (2000), The Scotch Whiskey Association, Statistical Report

Terra Nitrogen, (2000), Personal Communication

Thistlethwaite, G, (2001), Determination of Atmospheric Pollutant Emission Factors at a Small Industrial Wood-Burning Furnace, AEA Technology Environment, AEAT/R/ENV/0518, Culham

Timmis, RJ, Walker, CA (1988) Dispersion Modelling of Air Quality Changes due to Smoke Control: A case study for Leek, Staffordshire, Warren Spring Laboratory, Stevenage, Report LR 638 (AP) M

Tower, (2000), Personal Communication from G Lewis, Goitre Tower Anthracite Ltd

TRL (1993), "Evaporative Emissions from Petrol Fuelled UK Light Duty In-Service Vehicles", TJ Barlow, Transport Research Laboratory Report PR/ENV/022/93

Tucker,S, Canning, P,(1997), ADAS (30 Oct 1997) pers comm to D Wilkins (MAFF)

UKOOA (1993), Atmospheric Emissions from UK Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Facilities in the UK Continental Shelf Area. Prepared for United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association Limited, March 1993, Ref HN08-007.REP, Brown & Root Environmental, Leatherhead, Surrey

UKOOA (1995), Guidelines on Atmospheric Emissions Inventory, Issue No 1, United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association Limited.

UKPIA (1989) United Kingdom Petroleum Industry Association. Personal Communication.

UKPIA (2000) United Kingdom Petroleum Industry Association. Personal Communication.

United Kingdom Petroleum Industry Association (1999), communication, October 1999

USEPA (1985), "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors Volume II: Mobile Sources", AP-42, Fourth Edition

Watson, M, (1989), UKPIA communication

USEPA (1977), United States Environmental Protection Agency, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. North Carolina: AP142, ( also supplements 1-15).

USEPA (1985) United States Environmental Protection Agency, Compilation of

Air Pollutant Emission Factors. AP-42, Vol 11, 4th Edition, North Carolina:

USEPA (1997), United States Environmental Protection Agency, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. Vol 1, 5th Edition, AP-42, North Carolina. Updated Website Version (Nov 2000)

USEPA (1995), United States Environmental Protection Agency, FIRE Database , North Carolina:

Walker, DS, Galbraith, R, Galbraith, JM, (1985), Survey of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbon Emissions from Industrial and Commercial Boilers in Scotland, Warren Spring Laboratory, LR 524.

White, J (2000), Federation of Bakers, Personal Communication

Williams, A, (1993), Methane Emissions, Watt Committee Report Number 28, The Watt Committee on Energy, London.

Zachariadis, Th, Samaras, Z, (1997), Int. J. of Vehicle Design, 18, 312