Appendix 1

Tables of quarterly and annual mean concentrations of elements in air and rainwater at Chilton, Styrrup and Wraymires in 1996, 1997 and 1998

 

LIST OF TABLES
 
Table A1.1 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations of elements in air at Chilton (1996).
Table A1.2 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations of elements in air at Styrrup (1996).
Table A1.3 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations of elements in air at Wraymires (1996).
Table A1.4 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations and deposition of elements in rainwater at Chilton (1996).
Table A1.5 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations and deposition of elements in rainwater at Styrrup (1996).
Table A1.6 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations and deposition of elements in rainwater at Wraymires (1996).
Table A2.1 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations of elements in air at Chilton (1997).
Table A2.2 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations of elements in air at Styrrup (1997).
Table A2.3 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations of elements in air at Wraymires (1997).
Table A2.4 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations and deposition of elements in rainwater at Chilton (1997).
Table A2.5 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations and deposition of elements in rainwater at Styrrup (1997).
Table A2.6 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations and deposition of elements in rainwater at Wraymires (1997).
Table A3.1 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations of elements in air at Chilton (1998).
Table A3.2 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations of elements in air at Styrrup (1998).
Table A3.3 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations of elements in air at Wraymires (1998).
Table A3.4 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations and deposition of elements in rainwater at Chilton (1998).
Table A3.5 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations and deposition of elements in rainwater at Styrrup (1998).
Table A3.6 Quarterly and annual mean concentrations and deposition of elements in rainwater at Wraymires (1998).

TABLE A1.1     QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS OF ELEMENTS IN AIR AT CHILTON (1996).
 
Element Quarterly Mean Concentration of Element in Air (ng/m3)    
    Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec   Annual Mean 
Concentration 
in Air (ng/m3)		 Annual Mean 
Air Particulate
Enrichment Factor
Ag 0.20 < 0.07 0.16 0.083 < 0.1 -
Al 113 145 151 58.5   117 0.4
As 2.3 0.70 0.50 1.1   1.2 52
Au < 0.006 < 0.006 < 0.003 < 0.004 < 0.005 -
Br 12.1 7.4 5.0 10.2   8.7 469
Ca   238 674 852 262   507 10
Cd   0.50   0.23   0.28   0.41   0.36 1588
Ce 0.23 0.23 0.31 0.13   0.23 1.2
Cl 1824 1483 1217 1946   1618 4444
Co 0.17 0.11 0.14 0.13   0.14 4.8
Cr 1.6 0.86 1.0 0.78   1.1 2.9
Cs 0.088 0.052 0.048 0.050   0.060 2.7
Cu   6.5   5.6   6.9   4.6   5.9 78
Eu 0.0066 0.0050 0.0067 < 0.002 < 0.005 -
Fe 194 162 188 110   164 1.2
Hg 0.18 0.086 0.12 0.32   0.18 1582
I 2.8 1.9 1.3 2.2   1.8 111
In 0.016 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.008 < 0.02 -
K 226 242   249 233   238 4.6
La 0.41 < 0.4 0.40 < 0.1 < 0.3 -
Mg 160 185 179 158   171 9.2
Mn 5.9 5.4 6.1 3.4   5.2 1.7
Mo < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 -
Na 681 772 635 1020   777 33
Ni   3.5   2.3   1.4   1.4   2.2 15
Pb   41.6   18.6   18.4   22.8   25.4 696
Rb 0.84 0.67 0.79 0.42   0.68 1.9
Sb 1.8 0.85 0.80 1.1   1.1 44
Sc 0.025 0.030 0.037 0.013   0.026 1.0
Se 1.8 0.91 0.71 0.94   1.1 1452
Sm < 0.01 0.018 0.021 < 0.01 < 0.02 -
Ti 11.9 10.7 13.0 < 8 < 11 -
V 6.4 4.0 2.5 2.7   3.9 11
W < 0.2 < 0.3 < 0.3 < 0.2 < 0.3 -
Zn 39.7 20.9 136 24.9   55.4 301
                       
TSP (mg/m3)   24   23   22   9   19  

Note
(i) Air particulate enrichment factors are normalised to scandium.  These are not derived where the annual mean concentration of an element is below the limit of detection.
 
 

TABLE A1.2     QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS OF ELEMENTS IN AIR AT STYRRUP (1996).
 
Element Quarterly Mean Concentration of Element in Air (ng/m3)  
Annual
  Annual Mean
                    Mean   Air
    Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec   Concentration   Particulate
                    in Air   Enrichment
                    (ng/m3)   Factor
Ag 0.20   0.14 0.10 0.17   0.15   292
Al 139 164 261 132   174   0.5
As 6.3 1.4 3.4 5.6   4.2   128
Au < 0.005 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.006 < 0.005   -
Br 17.5 8.5 9.4 16.9   13.1   484
Ca   326 407 570 414   429   5.8
Cd   1.1   0.36   0.40   0.43   0.57   1752
Ce 0.40 0.37 0.48 0.33   0.40   1.5
Cl 2438 1381 1482 2352   1913   3596
Co 0.24 0.20 0.23 0.29   0.24   5.7
Cr 4.5 4.4 6.3 4.4   4.9   9.2
Cs 0.11 0.048 0.054 0.062   0.069   2.1
Cu   11.1   7.6   6.3   7.8   8.2   74
Eu < 0.01 0.0054 0.0064 < 0.003 < 0.006   -
Fe 261 244 274 212   248   1.2
Hg 0.39 0.22 0.13 0.73   0.37   2265
I 3.1 1.8 1.9 2.7   2.4   88
In 0.027   0.017   0.029   0.026   0.025   145
K 307 178   304 259   262   3.4
La < 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.2 < 0.2   -
Mg 218 199 308 230   239   8.9
Mn 10.3 10.2 14.9 11.6   11.8   2.6
Mo < 4   2.9 < 3 < 3 < 3   -
Na 917 538 718 969   786   23
Ni   4.2   2.2   3.6   3.9   3.5   16
Pb   45.6   30.6   33.5   41.9   37.9   712
Rb 0.95 0.70 0.72 0.98   0.84   1.6
Sb 2.9 1.6 1.8 3.0   2.3   61
Sc 0.038 0.039 0.047 0.026   0.038   1.0
Se 3.3 2.2 2.5 3.1   2.8   2507
Sm < 0.02 0.018 0.024 < 0.01 < 0.02   -
Ti < 17 14.2 21.2   14.4 < 17   -
V 6.4 3.3 3.7 4.9   4.6   8.6
W   1.5   1.5   1.0   2.0   1.5   283
Zn 83.9 63.8 46.4 201   100   371
                         
TSP (mg/m3)   28   22   18   18   22    
Note

(i) Air particulate enrichment factors are normalised to scandium.  These are not derived where the annual mean concentration of an element is below the limit of detection.
 

TABLE A1.3     QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS OF ELEMENTS IN AIR AT WRAYMIRES (1996).
 
Element Quarterly Mean Concentration of Element in Air (ng/m3)  
 Annual Mean
 Annual Mean
                    Concentration Air
    Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec   of Element Particulate
                    in Air Enrichment
                    (ng/m3) Factor
Ag 0.12 < 0.07 < 0.07 < 0.05 < 0.08 -
Al 61.0 68.9 62.9 22.3   53.8 0.4
As 1.3 0.50 0.34 0.29   0.61 53
Au < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.004 < 0.004 -
Br 8.9 3.3 < 2 4.0 < 5 -
Ca   171   166   160   244   185 7.3
Cd   0.26 < 0.2 < 0.2 < 0.2 < 0.2 -
Ce 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.073   0.12 1.3
Cl 1173 803 629 801   852 4679
Co 0.12 0.066 0.075 0.044   0.076 5.3
Cr 0.98 0.52 0.43 0.42   0.59 3.2
Cs 0.048 0.028 0.023 0.013   0.028 2.5
Cu   3.4   3.8   2.0   3.3   3.1 83
Eu < 0.003 0.0045 0.0047 < 0.004 < 0.004 -
Fe 76.1 69.1 75.4 37.6   64.6 0.9
Hg 0.22 0.065 0.091 0.55   0.23 4131
I 1.5 1.0 0.86 1.1   1.1 121
In < 0.02 < 0.003 < 0.002 < 0.01 < 0.01 -
K 165 < 121   120 < 155 < 140 -
La   0.35 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.05 < 0.2 -
Mg 93.0 85.9 81.7 68.4   82 8.9
Mn 3.4 1.6 2.1 0.91   2.0 1.3
Mo < 2 < 2.0 < 2 < 2 < 2 -
Na 553 432 411 473   467 40
Ni < 0.9   1.7 < 0.8 < 1 < 1 -
Pb   12.9   4.2   8.2   9.4   8.7 477
Rb 0.71 < 0.1 < 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.4 -
Sb 0.90 0.40 0.50 0.53   0.58 45
Sc 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.0062   0.013 1.0
Se 1.1 0.63 0.52 0.36   0.65 1706
Sm < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 -
Ti < 7 < 4 4.0 < 5 < 5 -
V 2.7 1.3 1.3 0.79   1.5 8.3
W < 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.2 < 0.2 < 0.2 -
Zn 33.0 36.0 7.9 3.4   20.1 217
                       
TSP (mg/m3)   13   8   9   11   10  

Note
(i) Air particulate enrichment factors are normalised to scandium.  These are not derived where the
    annual mean concentration of an element is below the limit of detection.

TABLE A1.4     QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS AND DEPOSITION OF ELEMENTS IN RAINWATER AT CHILTON (1996).
 
 
Element  Quarterly Mean Concentration in Rainwater (mg/l) Total  Annual   Quarterly Deposition (mg/m2)
                  Annual   Mean                 Deposition
    Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec Rainfall   Concentration   Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec (mg/m2)
                  (mm)   in Rainwater                    
                      (mg/l)                    
Rainfall (mm)   141   115   59   153 468                        
                                           
Ag < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.006 < 0.006   < 0.005 < 7.05E-01 < 5.75E-01 < 3.54E-01 < 9.18E-01 < 2.55E+00
Al   25.9   10.9 < 11 < 10   < 15   3.65E+03   1.25E+03 < 6.49E+02 < 1.53E+03 < 7.08E+03
As   0.54   0.33   0.38   0.35     0.41   7.61E+01   3.80E+01   2.24E+01   5.36E+01   1.90E+02
Au < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01   < 0.01 < 1.41E+00 < 1.15E+00 < 5.90E-01 < 1.53E+00 < 4.68E+00
Ca   1059   3571   4266   976     2053   1.49E+05   4.11E+05   2.52E+05   1.49E+05   9.61E+05
Cd   0.37   0.11   0.13   0.08     0.18   5.22E+01   1.27E+01   7.67E+00   1.22E+01   8.47E+01
Co   0.19   0.04   0.04   0.10     0.10   2.68E+01   4.60E+00   2.36E+00   1.53E+01   4.91E+01
Cr < 0.6 < 0.7 < 0.8 < 0.7   < 0.7 < 8.46E+01 < 8.05E+01 < 4.72E+01 < 1.07E+02 < 3.19E+02
Cu   10.8   6.5   13.9   12.9     10.8   1.52E+03   7.48E+02   8.20E+02   1.97E+03   5.06E+03
Fe   4.3   2.2   1.3   2.3     2.8   6.06E+02   2.53E+02   7.67E+01   3.52E+02   1.29E+03
Hg < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1   < 0.1 < 1.41E+01 < 1.15E+01 < 5.90E+00 < 1.53E+01 < 4.68E+01
In < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.004 < 0.004   < 0.003 < 4.23E-01 < 3.45E-01 < 2.36E-01 < 6.12E-01 < 1.62E+00
K   216   218   378   352     281   3.05E+04   2.51E+04   2.23E+04   5.39E+04   1.32E+05
Mg   474   305   454   469     428   6.68E+04   3.51E+04   2.68E+04   7.18E+04   2.00E+05
Mn   7.8   6.0   3.9   5.3     6.0   1.10E+03   6.90E+02   2.30E+02   8.11E+02   2.83E+03
Mo   0.11   0.11   0.10   0.07     0.10   1.55E+01   1.27E+01   5.90E+00   1.07E+01   4.48E+01
Na   4097   1850   2775   3870     3304   5.78E+05   2.13E+05   1.64E+05   5.92E+05   1.55E+06
Ni < 2 < 2 < 3 < 2   < 2 < 2.82E+02 < 2.30E+02 < 1.77E+02 < 3.06E+02 < 9.95E+02
Pb   2.0   0.50   0.23   0.94     1.1   2.82E+02   5.75E+01   1.36E+01   1.44E+02   4.97E+02
Sb   0.36   0.24   0.47   0.20     0.29   5.08E+01   2.76E+01   2.77E+01   3.06E+01   1.37E+02
Se   0.84   0.55   0.23   0.22     0.49   1.18E+02   6.33E+01   1.36E+01   3.37E+01   2.29E+02
Ti < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1   < 1 < 1.41E+02 < 1.15E+02 < 5.90E+01 < 1.53E+02 < 4.68E+02
V < 2 < 2 < 3 < 2   < 2 < 2.82E+02 < 2.30E+02 < 1.77E+02 < 3.06E+02 < 9.95E+02
W   0.039   0.072   0.15   0.012     0.052   5.50E+00   8.28E+00   8.85E+00   1.84E+00   2.45E+01
Zn   30.2   97.9   18.9   34.0     46.7   4.26E+03   1.13E+04   1.12E+03   5.20E+03   2.18E+04
                                           
NO3-   5690   7930   9120   3320     5898   8.02E+05   9.12E+05   5.38E+05   5.08E+05   2.76E+06
SO42-   6660   6690   6570   3630     5665   9.39E+05   7.69E+05   3.88E+05   5.55E+05   2.65E+06
pH   4.7   5.3   6.1   5.1                          
Note
(i) Only the soluble fraction of the rainwater samples was analysed.
 

TABLE A1.5     QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS AND DEPOSITION OF ELEMENTS IN RAINWATER AT STYRRUP (1996).
 
 
Element Quarterly Mean Concentration in Rainwater (mg/l) Total   Annual Quarterly Deposition (mg/m2) Annual
                  Annual   Mean                 Deposition
    Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec Rainfall   Concentration   Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec (mg/m2)
                  (mm)   in Rainwater                    
                      (mg/l)                    
Rainfall (mm)   76   86   89   223 474                        
                                           
Ag < 0.006 < 0.005 < 0.006 < 0.006   < 0.006 < 4.56E-01 < 4.30E-01 < 5.34E-01 < 1.34E+00 < 2.76E+00
Al   123   52.8   34.0   22.7     46.4   9.35E+03   4.54E+03   3.03E+03   5.06E+03   2.20E+04
As   1.7   0.84   0.45   0.57     0.78   1.29E+02   7.22E+01   4.01E+01   1.27E+02   3.69E+02
Au < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01   < 0.01 < 7.60E-01 < 8.60E-01 < 8.90E-01 < 2.23E+00 < 4.74E+00
Ca   1764   1564   1680   570     1150   1.34E+05   1.35E+05   1.50E+05   1.27E+05   5.45E+05
Cd   0.48   0.63   0.37   0.74     0.61   3.65E+01   5.42E+01   3.29E+01   1.65E+02   2.89E+02
Co   0.46   0.26   0.12   0.12     0.20   3.50E+01   2.24E+01   1.07E+01   2.68E+01   9.48E+01
Cr < 0.7 < 0.6 < 0.7 < 0.7   < 0.7 < 5.32E+01 < 5.16E+01 < 6.23E+01 < 1.56E+02 < 3.23E+02
Cu   13.4   15.8   17.0   12.5     14.1   1.02E+03   1.36E+03   1.51E+03   2.79E+03   6.68E+03
Fe   17.8   9.7   6.8   5.3     8.4   1.35E+03   8.34E+02   6.05E+02   1.18E+03   3.97E+03
Hg < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1   < 0.1 < 7.60E+00 < 8.60E+00 < 8.90E+00 < 2.23E+01 < 4.74E+01
In < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003   < 0.003 < 2.28E-01 < 2.58E-01 < 2.67E-01 < 6.69E-01 < 1.42E+00
K   390   211   227   227     250   2.96E+04   1.81E+04   2.02E+04   5.06E+04   1.19E+05
Mg   1338   644   646   329     607   1.02E+05   5.54E+04   5.75E+04   7.34E+04   2.88E+05
Mn   20.1   16.9   14.7   7.3     12.5   1.53E+03   1.45E+03   1.31E+03   1.63E+03   5.92E+03
Mo   1.2   0.55   0.34   0.34     0.52   9.12E+01   4.73E+01   3.03E+01   7.58E+01   2.45E+02
Na   8363   2111   1247   1703     2759   6.36E+05   1.82E+05   1.11E+05   3.80E+05   1.31E+06
Ni   3.3   3.2 < 2 < 2   < 2   2.51E+02   2.75E+02 < 1.78E+02 < 4.46E+02 < 1.15E+03
Pb   10.9   3.9   1.9   3.6     4.5   8.28E+02   3.35E+02   1.69E+02   8.03E+02   2.14E+03
Sb   44.6   33.8   12.5   26.1     27.9   3.39E+03   2.91E+03   1.11E+03   5.82E+03   1.32E+04
Se   0.56   0.20   0.20   0.24     0.28   4.26E+01   1.72E+01   1.78E+01   5.35E+01   1.31E+02
Ti < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1   < 1 < 7.60E+01 < 8.60E+01 < 8.90E+01 < 2.23E+02 < 4.74E+02
V   3.3 < 2 < 2 < 2   < 2   2.51E+02 < 1.72E+02 < 1.78E+02 < 4.46E+02 < 1.05E+03
W   0.37   0.34   0.20   0.09     0.20   2.81E+01   2.92E+01   1.78E+01   2.01E+01   9.52E+01
Zn   123   50.7   32.9   39.7     53.8   9.35E+03   4.36E+03   2.93E+03   8.85E+03   2.55E+04
                                           
NO3-   10450   6550   5980   2170     5008   7.94E+05   5.63E+05   5.32E+05   4.84E+05   2.37E+06
SO42-   11460   8100   4890   3510     5877   8.71E+05   6.97E+05   4.35E+05   7.83E+05   2.79E+06
pH   4.2   4.5   5.2   4.8                          
Note
(i) Only the soluble fraction of the rainwater samples was analysed.

TABLE A1.6    QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS AND DEPOSITION OF ELEMENTS IN RAINWATER AT WRAYMIRES (1996).
 
Element Quarterly Mean Concentration in Rainwater (mg/l) Total   Annual Quarterly Deposition (mg/m2) Annual
                  Annual   Mean                 Deposition
    Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec Rainfall   Concentration   Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec (mg/m2)
                  (mm)   in Rainwater                    
                      (mg/l)                    
                                           
                                           
Rainfall (mm)   371   268   330   568 1537                        
                                           
Ag < 0.008 < 0.006 < 0.006 < 0.006   < 0.006 < 2.97E+00 < 1.61E+00 < 1.98E+00 < 3.41E+00 < 9.96E+00
Al   146   36.9 < 11 < 10   < 48   5.42E+04   9.89E+03 < 3.63E+03 < 5.68E+03 < 7.34E+04
As   0.32   0.25   0.12   0.08     0.18   1.19E+02   6.70E+01   3.96E+01   4.54E+01   2.71E+02
Au < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01   < 0.01 < 7.42E+00 < 2.68E+00 < 3.30E+00 < 5.68E+00 < 1.91E+01
Ca   197   236   230   228     222   7.31E+04   6.32E+04   7.59E+04   1.30E+05   3.42E+05
Cd   0.70   0.31   0.036   0.057     0.25   2.60E+02   8.31E+01   1.19E+01   3.24E+01   3.87E+02
Co   0.049   0.037   0.029   0.041     0.040   1.82E+01   9.92E+00   9.57E+00   2.33E+01   6.10E+01
Cr < 1 < 0.7 < 0.7 < 0.7   < 0.8 < 3.71E+02 < 1.88E+02 < 2.31E+02 < 3.98E+02 < 1.19E+03
Cu   12.9   12.3   18.0   5.7     11.2   4.79E+03   3.30E+03   5.94E+03   3.24E+03   1.73E+04
Fe   4.9   4.9   2.4   1.1     3.0   1.82E+03   1.31E+03   7.92E+02   6.25E+02   4.55E+03
Hg < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1   < 0.1 < 3.71E+01 < 2.68E+01 < 3.30E+01 < 5.68E+01 < 1.54E+02
In < 0.005 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003   < 0.004 < 1.86E+00 < 1.07E+00 < 1.32E+00 < 1.70E+00 < 5.95E+00
K   129   591   240   113     227   4.79E+04   1.58E+05   7.92E+04   6.42E+04   3.50E+05
Mg   194   98.4   156   441     260   7.20E+04   2.64E+04   5.15E+04   2.50E+05   4.00E+05
Mn   1.6   2.5   1.2   0.57     1.3   5.94E+02   6.70E+02   3.96E+02   3.24E+02   1.98E+03
Mo < 0.06 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05   < 0.05 < 2.23E+01 < 1.34E+01 < 1.65E+01 < 2.84E+01 < 8.06E+01
Na   1569   738   1187   3730     2141   5.82E+05   1.98E+05   3.92E+05   2.12E+06   3.29E+06
Ni   13 < 2 < 2 < 2   < 5   4.82E+03 < 5.36E+02 < 6.60E+02 < 1.14E+03 < 7.16E+03
Pb   4.7   2.6   1.2   1.5     2.4   1.74E+03   6.97E+02   3.96E+02   8.52E+02   3.69E+03
Sb   0.49   1.0   0.71   0.19     0.52   1.82E+02   2.68E+02   2.34E+02   1.08E+02   7.92E+02
Se   0.21 < 0.01 < 0.01   0.14   < 0.1   7.79E+01 < 2.68E+00 < 3.30E+00   7.95E+01 < 1.63E+02
Ti < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1   < 1 < 3.71E+02 < 2.68E+02 < 3.30E+02 < 5.68E+02 < 1.54E+03
V < 3 < 2 < 2 < 2   < 2 < 1.11E+03 < 5.36E+02 < 6.60E+02 < 1.14E+03 < 3.45E+03
W   0.016 < 0.004 < 0.004 < 0.003   < 0.007   5.94E+00 < 1.07E+00 < 1.32E+00 < 1.70E+00 < 1.00E+01
Zn   24.3   16.0   18.0   15.8     18.4   9.02E+03   4.29E+03   5.94E+03   8.97E+03   2.82E+04
                                           
NO3-   3100   2700   2170   1510     2243   1.15E+06   7.24E+05   7.16E+05   8.58E+05   3.45E+06
SO42-   3030   2880   1980   2460     2568   1.12E+06   7.72E+05   6.53E+05   1.40E+06   3.95E+06
pH   4.2   4.4   4.4   4.6                          
Note
(i) Only the soluble fraction of the rainwater samples was analysed.
 

TABLE A2.1     QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS OF ELEMENTS IN AIR AT CHILTON (1997).
 
 
Element Quarterly Mean Concentration of Element in Air (ng/m3)
Annual
 Annual Mean     Ratio            
                    Mean Air   Element/ Element/                
    Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec   Concentration Particulate   Sc Sc                
                    in Air Enrichment   in Air in Soil *   Seasonality
                    (ng/m3) Factor                      
                                        Mean Mean winter/
                                Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 winter summer summer
Ag 0.14 < 0.08 < 0.07 0.10 < 0.1 - < 4.431818 0.014 Ag              
Al 130 133   116 61.1   110 0.5   5001.136 10000 Al 1.18 1.21 1.05 0.56 96 125 0.77
As 1.1 0.67 0.80 1.3   0.97 51   43.97727 0.86 As 1.14 0.69 0.83 1.34 1.2 0.74 1.63
Au < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003   0.0077 < 0.004 - < 0.201136 0.00018 Au              
Br 11.3 6.9 5.5 10.0   8.4 539   382.9545 0.71 Br 1.34 0.82 0.65 1.19 10.7 6.20 1.72
Ca   384 723 525 317   487 11   22147.73 1950 Ca 0.79 1.48 1.08 0.65 351 624 0.56
Cd   0.25   0.14   0.23   0.22   0.21 1110   9.545455 0.0086 Cd 1.19 0.67 1.10 1.05 0.24 0.19 1.27
Ce 0.24 0.24 0.20 0.16   0.21 1.3   9.545455 7.1 Ce 1.14 1.14 0.95 0.76 0.20 0.22 0.91
Cl 2091 1395 934 1855   1569 5093   71306.82 14 Cl 1.33 0.89 0.60 1.18 1973 1165 1.69
Co 0.16 0.10 0.13   0.14   0.13 5.5   6.022727 1.1 Co 1.21 0.75 0.98 1.06 0.15 0.12 1.30
Cr 0.80 0.64 0.68 0.89   0.75 2.4   34.20455 14 Cr 1.06 0.85 0.90 1.18 0.85 0.66 1.28
Cs 0.062 0.036 0.049 0.051   0.050 2.6   2.25 0.86 Cs 1.25 0.73 0.99 1.03 0.057 0.043 1.33
Cu   4.2   3.3   3.2   4.2   3.7 58   169.3182 2.9 Cu 1.13 0.89 0.86 1.13 4.2 3.3 1.29
Eu 0.0073 0.0067 0.0073 < 0.005 < 0.007 - < 0.298864 0.055 Eu              
Fe 150 140 158 129   144 1.2   6556.818 5400 Fe 1.04 0.97 1.10 0.89 140 149 0.94
Hg 0.059 0.028 0.029 0.15   0.067 703   3.022727 0.0043 Hg              
I 2.3 2.1 1.3 2.0   1.9 123   87.5 0.71 I 1.19 1.09 0.68 1.04 2.2 1.7 1.26
In 0.019 < 0.01   0.014   0.026 < 0.02 - < 0.784091 0.0045 In              
K 324 209   242 223   250 5.7   11340.91 2000 K 1.30 0.84 0.97 0.89 274 226 1.21
La < 0.1   0.27 0.27 < 0.1 < 0.2 - < 8.878895 4.3 La              
Mg 173 157 115 166   153 9.8   6943.182 710 Mg 1.13 1.03 0.75 1.09 170 136 1.25
Mn 4.5 5.6 5.3 4.7   5.0 1.9   228.4091 120 Mn 0.90 1.11 1.05 0.94 4.6 5.5 0.84
Mo < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 - < 90.41291 0.29 Mo              
Na 1124 873 612 968   894 45   40647.73 900 Na 1.26 0.98 0.68 1.08 1046 743 1.41
Ni   1.5   0.95   1.1   1.1   1.2 9   52.84091 5.7 Ni 1.29 0.82 0.95 0.95 1.3 1.0 1.27
Pb   21.4   13.0   16.0   22.3   18.2 590   826.1364 1.4 Pb 1.18 0.72 0.88 1.23 21.9 14.5 1.51
Rb 0.78 0.39 0.38 0.66   0.55 1.8   25.11364 14 Rb              
Sb 1.2 0.82 0.88 1.5   1.1 50   50 1 Sb 1.09 0.75 0.80 1.36 1.4 0.85 1.59
Sc 0.024 0.026 0.026 0.013   0.022 1.0   1.011364 1 Sc 1.08 1.17 1.17 0.58 0.019 0.026 0.71
Se 0.88 0.65 0.78 0.86   0.79 1242   36.02273 0.029 Se 1.11 0.82 0.98 1.09 0.87 0.72 1.22
Sm   0.017 0.016 0.015 < 0.01 < 0.01 - < 0.680165 27 Sm              
Ti < 11 10.2 10.1 < 4 < 9 - < 401.1364 710 Ti              
V 4.6 3.5 3.0 3.2   3.6 12   162.5 14 V 1.29 0.98 0.84 0.90 3.9 3.3 1.20
W < 0.2   0.28 < 0.2 < 0.2 < 0.2 - < 10.34418 0.14 W              
Zn 27.5 15.2 21.9 28.8   23.4 149   1061.364 7.1 Zn 1.18 0.65 0.94 1.23 28.2 18.6 1.52
                                             
                                             
TSP (mg/m3)   11   24   24   13   18                        

Note
(i) Air particulate enrichment factors are normalised to scandium.  These are not derived where the
    annual mean concentration of an element is below the limit of detection.

TABLE A2.2     QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS OF ELEMENTS IN AIR AT STYRRUP (1997).
 
 
Element   Quarterly Mean Concentration of Element in Air (ng/m3)     Annual
 Annual Mean
     Ratio            
                      Mean Air   Element/ Element/                
      Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec   Concentration Particulate   Sc Sc                
                      in Air Enrichment   in Air in Soil *   Seasonality
                      (ng/m3) Factor                      
                                          Mean Mean winter/
                                  Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 winter summer summer
Ag   0.23 0.11 0.10 0.14   0.15 325   4.549466 0.014 Ag              
Al   175 130 161 112   145 0.5   4515.625 10000 Al 1.21 0.90 1.11 0.78 144 146 0.99
As   4.3 3.2 2.2 3.7   3.4 122   104.6875 0.86 As 1.28 0.96 0.66 1.10 4.0 2.70 1.48
Au   < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 - < 0.101563 0.00018 Au              
Br   18.0 9.6 8.1 19.7   13.9 610   432.8125 0.71 Br 1.30 0.69 0.58 1.42 18.9 8.85 2.13
Ca   506 338 420 694   490 7.8   15296.88 1950 Ca 1.03 0.69 0.86 1.42 600 379 1.58
Cd     0.47   0.25   0.22   0.23   0.29 1063   9.140625 0.0086 Cd 1.61 0.85 0.75 0.79 0.35 0.24 1.49
Ce   0.43 0.26 0.28 0.30   0.32 1.4   9.921875 7.1 Ce 1.35 0.82 0.88 0.94 0.37 0.27 1.35
Cl   2956 1691 1201 2737   2146 4791   67070.31 14 Cl 1.38 0.79 0.56 1.28 2847 1446 1.97
Co   0.28 0.18 0.19 0.25   0.23 6.4   7.03125 1.1 Co 1.24 0.80 0.84 1.11 0.27 0.19 1.43
Cr   4.4   3.2 4.1 5.4   4.3 9.5   133.5938 14 Cr 1.03 0.75 0.96 1.26 4.90 3.65 1.34
Cs   0.058 0.047 0.051 0.048   0.051 1.9   1.59375 0.86 Cs 1.14 0.92 1.00 0.94 0.053 0.049 1.08
Cu     10.1   4.0   7.1   10.9   8.0 86   250.7813 2.9 Cu 1.26 0.50 0.88 1.36 10.5 5.6 1.89
Eu     0.0071 0.0063 0.0081   0.011   0.0081 4.6   0.253906 0.055 Eu              
Fe   273 205 233 233   236 1.4   7375 5400 Fe 1.16 0.87 0.99 0.99 253 219 1.16
Hg   0.20 < 0.04 0.085 0.63 < 0.2 - < 7.460938 0.0043 Hg              
I   2.0 2.0 1.8 2.0   2.0 86   60.9375 0.71 I 1.03 1.03 0.92 1.03 2.0 1.9 1.05
In   0.037 0.027 0.020 0.026   0.028 192   0.861874 0.0045 In              
K   249 203   387 349   297 4.6   9281.25 2000 K 0.84 0.68 1.30 1.18 299 295 1.01
La     0.36   0.27 0.31   0.16   0.28 2.0   8.59375 4.3 La              
Mg   253 176 199 225   213 9.4   6664.063 710 Mg 1.19 0.83 0.93 1.06 239 188 1.27
Mn   15.5 11.5 11.7 12.7   12.9 3.3   401.5625 120 Mn 1.21 0.89 0.91 0.99 14.1 11.6 1.22
Mo   < 2 < 2   1.8   2.3 < 2 - < 63.28125 0.29 Mo              
Na   1152 859 592 1104   927 32   28960.94 900 Na 1.24 0.93 0.64 1.19 1128 726 1.55
Ni (ICP-AES)   4.5   2.1   2.8   2.8   3.1 17   95.3125 5.7 Ni 1.48 0.69 0.92 0.92 3.7 2.5 1.49
Pb     49.3   29.8   25.8   39.6   36.1 806   1128.906 1.4 Pb 1.36 0.82 0.71 1.10 44.5 27.8 1.60
Rb   < 0.4 < 0.6 0.47 0.74 < 0.6 - < 17.26563 14 Rb              
Sb   2.4 1.4 1.2 2.6   1.9 59   59.375 1 Sb 1.26 0.74 0.63 1.37 2.5 1.30 1.92
Sc   0.040 0.028 0.032 0.029   0.032 1.0   1.007813 1 Sc 1.24 0.87 0.99 0.90 0.035 0.030 1.15
Se   2.3 3.1 2.5 2.7   2.7 2857   82.86642 0.029 Se 0.87 1.17 0.95 1.02 2.50 2.80 0.89
Sm     0.018 0.017 0.016   0.012   0.016 0.02   0.492188 27 Sm              
Ti     15.5 14.5 17.9 < 6 < 13 - < 421.0938 710 Ti              
V   4.7 3.7 3.4 4.0   4.0 8.8   123.4375 14 V 1.19 0.94 0.86 1.01 4.4 3.6 1.23
W   0.76 0.69 0.70 0.99   0.79 175   24.53125 0.14 W              
Zn   437 36.4 71.7 61.9   152 668   4742.188 7.1 Zn 2.88 0.24 0.47 0.41 249.5 54.1 4.62
                                               
                                               
TSP (mg/m3)     16   19   32   20   21                        
Note
(i) Air particulate enrichment factors are normalised to scandium.  These are not derived where the
    annual mean concentration of an element is below the limit of detection.

TABLE A2.3     QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS OF ELEMENTS IN AIR AT WRAYMIRES (1997).
 
Element Quarterly Mean Concentration of Element in Air (ng/m3)  
 Annual
 Annual Mean       Ratio            
                    Mean Air   Element/ Element/                
    Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec   Concentration Particulate   Sc Sc                
                    in Air Enrichment   in Air in Soil *   Seasonality
                    (ng/m3) Factor                      
                                        Mean Mean winter/
                                Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 winter summer summer
Ag < 0.07 < 0.07 < 0.05   0.060 < 0.06 - < 5.226228 0.014 Ag              
Al 73.9 66.3 56.7 35.7   58.2 0.5   4845.833 10000 Al 1.27 1.14 0.98 0.61 54.8 61.5 0.89
As 0.99 0.43 0.38 0.75   0.64 62   53.125 0.86 As 1.55 0.67 0.60 1.18 0.9 0.41 2.15
Au < 0.004 < 0.003 < 0.004 < 0.002 < 0.003 - < 0.270833 0.00018 Au              
Br 12.8 3.3   5.6 7.2   7.2 848   602.0214 0.71 Br 1.77 0.46 0.78 1.00 10.0 4.45 2.25
Ca 296 249 702 234   370 16   30854.17 1950 Ca 0.80 0.67 1.90 0.63 265 476 0.56
Cd < 0.08 < 0.08 < 0.07 < 0.07 < 0.08 - < 6.25 0.0086 Cd              
Ce 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.12   0.14 1.6   11.25 7.1 Ce 1.19 0.89 1.04 0.89 0.14 0.13 1.08
Cl 2489 755 1207 986   1359 8091   113270.8 14 Cl 1.83 0.56 0.89 0.73 1738 981 1.77
Co 0.14 0.068 0.069 0.11   0.097 7.3   8.0625 1.1 Co 1.45 0.70 0.71 1.14 0.13 0.07 1.82
Cr 0.65 0.49 0.44 0.52   0.53 3.1   43.75 14 Cr 1.24 0.93 0.84 0.99 0.59 0.47 1.26
Cs 0.028 0.026 0.018 0.020   0.023 2.2   1.916667 0.86 Cs 1.22 1.13 0.78 0.87 0.024 0.022 1.09
Cu   2.4   2.2   2.2   3.8   2.7 76   220.8333 2.9 Cu 0.91 0.83 0.83 1.43 3.1 2.2 1.41
Eu < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.001 < 0.002 - < 0.145833 0.055 Eu              
Fe 82.8 74.7 66.6 53.1   69.3 1.1   5775 5400 Fe 1.19 1.08 0.96 0.77 68 71 0.96
Hg 0.26 0.096 0.092 0.33   0.19 3769   16.20833 0.0043 Hg              
I 2.7 1.1 1.4 1.5   1.7 197   139.5833 0.71 I 1.61 0.66 0.84 0.90 2.1 1.3 1.68
In < 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.006   0.014 < 0.008 - < 0.645833 0.0045 In              
K 197   118 559   172   262 11   21791.67 2000 K 0.75 0.45 2.14 0.66 185 339 0.55
La < 0.2   0.17   0.19   0.08 < 0.2 - < 13.33333 4.3 La              
Mg 192 74.1 122 76.7   116 13.6   9683.333 710 Mg 1.65 0.64 1.05 0.66 134 98 1.37
Mn 2.7 1.7 2.5 2.0   2.2 1.5   185.4167 120 Mn 1.21 0.76 1.12 0.90 2.4 2.1 1.12
Mo < 4 < 3 < 1 < 2 < 2 - < 201.8202 0.29 Mo              
Na 1354 392 858 471   769 71   64062.5 900 Na 1.76 0.51 1.12 0.61 913 625 1.46
Ni 1.7 1.2   0.98   1.0   1.2 18   101.6667 5.7 Ni 1.39 0.98 0.80 0.82 1.4 1.1 1.24
Pb   10.9   5.0   4.9   15.5   9.1 540   756.25 1.4 Pb 1.20 0.55 0.54 1.71 13.2 5.0 2.67
Rb < 0.5   0.25 < 0.3   0.40 < 0.4 - < 30.20833 14 Rb              
Sb 0.76 0.41 0.57 0.94   0.67 56   55.83333 1 Sb 1.13 0.61 0.85 1.40 0.9 0.49 1.73
Sc 0.017 0.015 0.010 0.0075   0.012 1.0   1.03125 1 Sc 1.37 1.21 0.81 0.61 0.012 0.013 0.98
Se 1.1 0.61 0.72 0.79   0.81 2313   67.08333 0.029 Se 1.37 0.76 0.89 0.98 0.95 0.67 1.42
Sm < 0.01   0.010 < 0.01 < 0.02 < 0.01 - < 1.006017 27 Sm              
Ti < 5   7.1 < 5 < 3 < 5 - < 418.75 710 Ti              
V 2.4 1.2 2.2 1.3   1.8 11   147.9167 14 V 1.35 0.68 1.24 0.73 1.9 1.7 1.09
W < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 < 0.3 < 0.2 - < 16.66667 0.14 W              
Zn 16.0 17.1 11.0 22.5   16.7 195   1387.5 7.1 Zn 0.96 1.03 0.66 1.35 19.3 14.1 1.37
                                             
TSP (mg/m3)   8   9   20   14   13                        
Note
(i) Air particulate enrichment factors are normalised to scandium.  These are not derived where the
    annual mean concentration of an element is below the limit of detection.

TABLE A2.4     QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS AND DEPOSITION OF ELEMENTS IN RAINWATER AT CHILTON (1997).
 
Element Quarterly Mean Concentration in Rainwater (mg/l) Total  Annual Quarterly Deposition (mg/m2)                  
                  Annual   Mean               Deposition                  
    Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec Rainfall   Concentration Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec (mg/m2)                  
                  (mm)   in Rainwater                                    
                      (mg/l)                                    
                                                      Mean Mean winter/
                                            Average         winter summer summer
Rainfall (mm)   97   158   145   245 645                         Quarterly              
                                            Deposition Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4      
Ag   0.0001   0.0002   0.0003   0.0021     0.0009 9.70E-03   3.16E-02   4.35E-02   5.15E-01   5.99E-01 Ag                
Al   21.4   6.6   1.5   1.4     5.7 2.08E+03   1.04E+03   2.18E+02   3.43E+02   3.68E+03 Al 9.20E+02 2.26 1.13 0.24 0.37 1.21E+03 6.30E+02 1.92
As   0.19   0.13   0.08   0.08     0.11 1.84E+01   2.05E+01   1.16E+01   1.96E+01   7.02E+01 As 1.75E+01 1.05 1.17 0.66 1.12 1.90E+01 1.61E+01 1.18
Au   0.0015 < 0.0005 < 0.0005 < 0.0005   < 0.0007 1.46E-01 < 7.90E-02 < 7.25E-02 < 1.23E-01 < 4.20E-01 Au                
Ca   1966   5376   2283   760     2414 1.91E+05   8.49E+05   3.31E+05   1.86E+05   1.56E+06 Ca 3.89E+05 0.49 2.18 0.85 0.48 1.88E+05 5.90E+05 0.32
Cd   0.15   0.043   0.053   0.050     0.064 1.46E+01   6.79E+00   7.69E+00   1.23E+01   4.13E+01 Cd 1.03E+01 1.41 0.66 0.74 1.19 1.34E+01 7.24E+00 1.85
Co   0.059   0.018   0.025   0.033     0.031 5.72E+00   2.84E+00   3.63E+00   8.09E+00   2.03E+01 Co 5.07E+00 1.13 0.56 0.72 1.59 6.90E+00 3.23E+00 2.13
Cr   0.08   0.06   0.03   0.02     0.04 7.76E+00   9.48E+00   4.35E+00   4.90E+00   2.65E+01 Cr 6.62E+00 1.17 1.43 0.66 0.74 6.33E+00 6.92E+00 0.92
Cu   1.6   0.5   1.7   4.3     2.4 1.55E+02   7.90E+01   2.47E+02   1.05E+03   1.53E+03 Cu 3.84E+02 0.40 0.21 0.64 2.75 6.04E+02 1.63E+02 3.71
Fe   9.2 < 0.4   2.3   1.4   < 3 8.92E+02 < 6.32E+01   3.34E+02   3.43E+02 < 1.63E+03 Fe 4.08E+02 2.19 0.15 0.82 0.84 6.18E+02 1.98E+02 3.11
Hg   0.020 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002   < 0.005 1.94E+00 < 3.16E-01 < 2.90E-01 < 4.90E-01 < 3.04E+00 Hg                
In   0.00010   0.00014   0.00010   0.00001     0.00008 9.70E-03   2.21E-02   1.45E-02   2.45E-03   4.88E-02 In                
K   366   132   153   283     229 3.55E+04   2.09E+04   2.22E+04   6.93E+04   1.48E+05 K 3.70E+04 0.96 0.56 0.60 1.88 5.24E+04 2.15E+04 2.44
Mg   1067   248   183   409     418 1.03E+05   3.92E+04   2.65E+04   1.00E+05   2.69E+05 Mg 6.74E+04 1.54 0.58 0.39 1.49 1.02E+05 3.29E+04 3.10
Mn   3.9   2.1   2.8   1.6     2.3 3.78E+02   3.32E+02   4.06E+02   3.92E+02   1.51E+03 Mn 3.77E+02 1.00 0.88 1.08 1.04 3.85E+02 3.69E+02 1.04
Mo   0.05   0.04   0.03   0.02     0.03 4.85E+00   6.32E+00   4.35E+00   4.90E+00   2.04E+01 Mo                
Na   8698   1447   1074   3394     3193 8.44E+05   2.29E+05   1.56E+05   8.32E+05   2.06E+06 Na 5.15E+05 1.64 0.44 0.30 1.61 8.38E+05 1.92E+05 4.36
Ni   0.31   0.068   0.024   0.63     0.31 3.01E+01   1.07E+01   3.48E+00   1.54E+02   1.99E+02 Ni 4.97E+01 0.61 0.22 0.07 3.11 9.22E+01 7.11E+00 12.97
Pb   0.93   0.10   0.07   0.21     0.26 9.02E+01   1.58E+01   1.02E+01   5.15E+01   1.68E+02 Pb 4.19E+01 2.15 0.38 0.24 1.23 7.08E+01 1.30E+01 5.46
Sb   0.12   0.10   0.09   0.10     0.10 1.16E+01   1.58E+01   1.31E+01   2.45E+01   6.50E+01 Sb 1.62E+01 0.72 0.97 0.80 1.51 1.81E+01 1.44E+01 1.25
Se   0.23   0.13   0.08   0.06     0.11 2.23E+01   2.05E+01   1.16E+01   1.47E+01   6.92E+01 Se 1.73E+01 1.29 1.19 0.67 0.85 1.85E+01 1.61E+01 1.15
Ti   3.8   7.2   4.1   1.4     3.8 3.69E+02   1.14E+03   5.95E+02   3.43E+02   2.44E+03 Ti 6.11E+02 0.60 1.86 0.97 0.56 3.56E+02 8.66E+02 0.41
V   0.52   0.44   0.23   0.20     0.31 5.04E+01   6.95E+01   3.34E+01   4.90E+01   2.02E+02 V 5.06E+01 1.00 1.37 0.66 0.97 4.97E+01 5.14E+01 0.97
W   0.031   0.032   0.018   0.010     0.020 3.01E+00   5.06E+00   2.61E+00   2.45E+00   1.31E+01 W                
Zn   44.3   9.4   10.8   13.9     16.7 4.30E+03   1.49E+03   1.57E+03   3.41E+03   1.08E+04 Zn 2.69E+03 1.60 0.55 0.58 1.27 3.85E+03 1.53E+03 2.52
                                                           
NO3-   6690   5600   4550   1690     4043 6.49E+05   8.85E+05   6.60E+05   4.14E+05   2.61E+06 NO3- 6.52E+05 1.00 1.36 1.01 0.64 5.31E+05 7.72E+05 0.69
SO42-   7420   5060   3080   2160     3868 7.20E+05   7.99E+05   4.47E+05   5.29E+05   2.50E+06 SO42- 6.24E+05 1.15 1.28 0.72 0.85 6.24E+05 6.23E+05 1.00
pH   6.0   6.7   5.1   5.4                                          
                                          Rainfall 161 0.60 0.98 0.90 1.52 171 152 1.13

Note
(i)  Only the soluble fraction of the rainwater samples was analysed.

TABLE A2.5     QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS AND DEPOSITION OF ELEMENTS IN RAINWATER AT STYRRUP (1997).
 
Element Quarterly Mean Concentration in Rainwater (mg/l) Total   Annual Quarterly Deposition (mg/m2)
Annual
                
                  Annual   Mean                 Deposition                  
    Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec Rainfall   Concentration   Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec (mg/m2)                  
                  (mm)   in Rainwater                                      
                      (mg/l)                                      
                                                        Mean Mean winter/
                                              Average         winter summer summer
Rainfall (mm)   82   196   232   195 705                           Quarterly              
                                              Deposition Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4      
Ag   0.0001   0.0002   0.0005   0.0002     0.0003   8.20E-03   3.92E-02   1.16E-01   3.90E-02   2.02E-01 Ag                
Al   59.2   33.2   9.9   33.6     28.7   4.85E+03   6.51E+03   2.30E+03   6.55E+03   2.02E+04 Al 5.05E+03 0.96 1.29 0.45 1.30 5.70E+03 4.40E+03 1.30
As   0.29   0.29   0.17   0.18     0.22   2.38E+01   5.68E+01   3.94E+01   3.51E+01   1.55E+02 As 3.88E+01 0.61 1.47 1.02 0.90 2.94E+01 4.81E+01 0.61
Au < 0.0005 < 0.0005 < 0.0005 < 0.0005   < 0.0005 < 4.10E-02 < 9.80E-02 < 1.16E-01 < 9.75E-02 < 3.53E-01 Au                
Ca   1147   664   849   419     713   9.41E+04   1.30E+05   1.97E+05   8.17E+04   5.03E+05 Ca 1.26E+05 0.75 1.04 1.57 0.65 8.79E+04 1.64E+05 0.54
Cd   0.48   0.57   0.24   0.11     0.32   3.94E+01   1.12E+02   5.57E+01   2.15E+01   2.28E+02 Cd 5.71E+01 0.69 1.96 0.98 0.38 3.04E+01 8.37E+01 0.36
Co   0.12   0.043   0.049   0.037     0.052   9.84E+00   8.43E+00   1.14E+01   7.22E+00   3.69E+01 Co 9.21E+00 1.07 0.91 1.23 0.78 8.53E+00 9.90E+00 0.86
Cr   0.18   0.10   0.052   0.066     0.084   1.48E+01   1.96E+01   1.21E+01   1.29E+01   5.93E+01 Cr 1.48E+01 1.00 1.32 0.81 0.87 1.38E+01 1.58E+01 0.87
Cu   3.0   2.0   1.7   2.2     2.1   2.46E+02   3.92E+02   3.94E+02   4.29E+02   1.46E+03 Cu 3.65E+02 0.67 1.07 1.08 1.17 3.38E+02 3.93E+02 0.86
Fe   9.9   9.6   2.0   8.8     6.9   8.12E+02   1.88E+03   4.64E+02   1.72E+03   4.87E+03 Fe 1.22E+03 0.67 1.54 0.38 1.41 1.26E+03 1.17E+03 1.08
Hg   0.01   0.006 < 0.002   0.015   < 0.008   8.20E-01   1.18E+00 < 4.64E-01   2.93E+00 < 5.39E+00 Hg                
In   0.00035   0.0004   0.00014   0.00019     0.00025   2.87E-02   7.84E-02   3.25E-02   3.71E-02   1.77E-01 In                
K   179   105   197   102     143   1.47E+04   2.06E+04   4.57E+04   1.99E+04   1.01E+05 K 2.52E+04 0.58 0.82 1.81 0.79 1.73E+04 3.31E+04 0.52
Mg   715   208   235   261     291   5.86E+04   4.08E+04   5.45E+04   5.09E+04   2.05E+05 Mg 5.12E+04 1.15 0.80 1.06 0.99 5.48E+04 4.76E+04 1.15
Mn   5.5   3.3   3.5   2.2     3.3   4.51E+02   6.47E+02   8.12E+02   4.29E+02   2.34E+03 Mn 5.85E+02 0.77 1.11 1.39 0.73 4.40E+02 7.29E+02 0.60
Mo   0.18   0.08   0.11   0.06     0.10   1.48E+01   1.57E+01   2.55E+01   1.17E+01   6.77E+01 Mo                
Na   4302   752   394   1386     1222   3.53E+05   1.47E+05   9.14E+04   2.70E+05   8.62E+05 Na 2.15E+05 1.64 0.68 0.42 1.25 3.12E+05 1.19E+05 2.61
Ni   0.85   0.30   0.51   0.25     0.42   6.97E+01   5.88E+01   1.18E+02   4.88E+01   2.96E+02 Ni 7.39E+01 0.94 0.80 1.60 0.66 5.92E+01 8.86E+01 0.67
Pb   2.7   1.7   0.59   1.8     1.5   2.21E+02   3.33E+02   1.37E+02   3.51E+02   1.04E+03 Pb 2.61E+02 0.85 1.28 0.53 1.35 2.86E+02 2.35E+02 1.22
Sb   25.1   21.0   12.8   3.8     14.0   2.06E+03   4.12E+03   2.97E+03   7.41E+02   9.88E+03 Sb 2.47E+03 0.83 1.67 1.20 0.30 1.40E+03 3.54E+03 0.40
Se   0.18   0.17   0.10   0.07     0.12   1.48E+01   3.33E+01   2.32E+01   1.37E+01   8.49E+01 Se 2.12E+01 0.70 1.57 1.09 0.64 1.42E+01 2.83E+01 0.50
Ti   2.5   1.3   1.7   0.9     1.5   2.05E+02   2.55E+02   3.94E+02   1.76E+02   1.03E+03 Ti 2.57E+02 0.80 0.99 1.53 0.68 1.90E+02 3.25E+02 0.59
V   0.55   0.45   0.38   0.34     0.41   4.51E+01   8.82E+01   8.82E+01   6.63E+01   2.88E+02 V 7.19E+01 0.63 1.23 1.23 0.92 5.57E+01 8.82E+01 0.63
W   0.065   0.045   0.059   0.013     0.043   5.33E+00   8.82E+00   1.37E+01   2.54E+00   3.04E+01 W                
Zn   63.3   19.7   42.3   21.7     32.8   5.19E+03   3.86E+03   9.81E+03   4.23E+03   2.31E+04 Zn 5.77E+03 0.90 0.67 1.70 0.73 4.71E+03 6.84E+03 0.69
                                                             
NO3-   2780   2180   2480   1930     2279   2.28E+05   4.27E+05   5.75E+05   3.76E+05   1.61E+06 NO3- 4.02E+05 0.57 1.06 1.43 0.94 3.02E+05 5.01E+05 0.60
SO42-   5830   3830   3200   3140     3664   4.78E+05   7.51E+05   7.42E+05   6.12E+05   2.58E+06 SO42- 6.46E+05 0.74 1.16 1.15 0.95 5.45E+05 7.47E+05 0.73
pH   5.6   4.7   5.2   4.6                                            
                                            Rainfall 176 0.47 1.11 1.32 1.11 139 214 0.65

Note
(i)  Only the soluble fraction of the rainwater samples was analysed.

TABLE A2.6     QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS AND DEPOSITION OF ELEMENTS IN RAINWATER AT WRAYMIRES (1997).
 
Element Quarterly Mean Concentration in Rainwater (mg/l)  Total
 Annual
 Quarterly Deposition (mg/m2)                    
    Annual   Mean                 Deposition                
    Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec Rainfall   Concentration   Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Sep   Oct-Dec (mg/m2)                    
                  (mm)   in Rainwater                                        
                      (mg/l)                                        
                                                          Mean Mean winter/
                                            Average         winter summer summer
Rainfall (mm)   530   278   332   591 1731                             Quarterly              
                                                Deposition Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4      
Ag   0.0027   0.0001   0.0002 < 0.0001   < 0.0009   1.43E+00   2.78E-02   6.64E-02 < 5.91E-02 < 1.58E+00   Ag                
Al   1.9   16   7.7   10.5     8.2   1.01E+03   4.45E+03   2.56E+03   6.21E+03   1.42E+04   Al 3.55E+03 0.28 1.25 0.72 1.75 3.61E+03 3.50E+03 1.03
As   0.055   0.058   0.056   0.063     0.058   2.92E+01   1.61E+01   1.86E+01   3.72E+01   1.01E+02   As 2.53E+01 1.15 0.64 0.74 1.47 3.32E+01 1.74E+01 1.91
Au < 0.0007 < 0.0006 < 0.0005 < 0.0005   < 0.0006 < 3.71E-01 < 1.67E-01 < 1.66E-01 < 2.96E-01 < 9.99E-01   Au                
Ca   679   333   211   231     381   3.60E+05   9.26E+04   7.01E+04   1.37E+05   6.59E+05   Ca 1.65E+05 2.18 0.56 0.43 0.83 2.48E+05 8.13E+04 3.05
Cd   0.066   0.056   0.023   0.024     0.042   3.50E+01   1.56E+01   7.64E+00   1.42E+01   7.24E+01   Cd 1.81E+01 1.93 0.86 0.42 0.78 2.46E+01 1.16E+01 2.12
Co   0.032   0.017   0.014   0.012     0.019   1.70E+01   4.73E+00   4.65E+00   7.09E+00   3.34E+01   Co 8.36E+00 2.03 0.57 0.56 0.85 1.20E+01 4.69E+00 2.57
Cr   0.01   0.02   0.02   0.01     0.014   5.30E+00   5.56E+00   6.64E+00   5.91E+00   2.34E+01   Cr 5.85E+00 0.91 0.95 1.13 1.01 5.61E+00 6.10E+00 0.92
Cu   4.8   4.0   0.88   0.85     2.6   2.54E+03   1.11E+03   2.92E+02   5.02E+02   4.45E+03   Cu 1.11E+03 2.29 1.00 0.26 0.45 1.52E+03 7.02E+02 2.17
Fe   1.0   3.2   3.1   2.6     2.3   5.30E+02   8.90E+02   1.03E+03   1.54E+03   3.99E+03   Fe 9.96E+02 0.53 0.89 1.03 1.54 1.03E+03 9.59E+02 1.08
Hg   0.004   0.009   0.012   0.012     0.009   2.12E+00   2.50E+00   3.98E+00   7.09E+00   1.57E+01   Hg                
In   0.0002   0.0001   0.0002   0.0001     0.0001   1.06E-01   2.78E-02   6.64E-02   5.91E-02   2.59E-01   In                
K   116   80   123   131     117   6.15E+04   2.22E+04   4.08E+04   7.74E+04   2.02E+05   K 5.05E+04 1.22 0.44 0.81 1.53 6.95E+04 3.15E+04 2.20
Mg   386   174   146   471     335   2.05E+05   4.84E+04   4.85E+04   2.78E+05   5.80E+05   Mg 1.45E+05 1.41 0.33 0.33 1.92 2.41E+05 4.84E+04 4.99
Mn   0.58   1.1   0.82   0.70     0.75   3.07E+02   3.06E+02   2.72E+02   4.14E+02   1.30E+03   Mn 3.25E+02 0.95 0.94 0.84 1.27 3.61E+02 2.89E+02 1.25
Mo   0.01   0.01   0.02   0.01     0.012   5.30E+00   2.78E+00   6.64E+00   5.91E+00   2.06E+01   Mo                
Na   3293   1197   1149   788     1690   1.75E+06   3.33E+05   3.81E+05   4.66E+05   2.93E+06   Na 7.31E+05 2.39 0.46 0.52 0.64 1.11E+06 3.57E+05 3.10
Ni   0.059   0.05 < 0.1   0.074   < 0.07   3.13E+01   1.39E+01 < 3.32E+01   4.37E+01 < 1.22E+02   Ni                
Pb   0.46   1.1   0.64   0.66     0.67   2.44E+02   3.06E+02   2.12E+02   3.90E+02   1.15E+03   Pb 2.88E+02 0.85 1.06 0.74 1.35 3.17E+02 2.59E+02 1.22
Sb   0.07   0.67   1.3   0.44     0.53   3.71E+01   1.86E+02   4.32E+02   2.60E+02   9.15E+02   Sb 2.29E+02 0.16 0.81 1.89 1.14 1.49E+02 3.09E+02 0.48
Se   0.07   0.08   0.06   0.07     0.07   3.71E+01   2.22E+01   1.99E+01   4.14E+01   1.21E+02   Se 3.02E+01 1.23 0.74 0.66 1.37 3.92E+01 2.11E+01 1.86
Ti   1.3   0.64   0.47   0.48     0.75   6.89E+02   1.78E+02   1.56E+02   2.84E+02   1.31E+03   Ti 3.27E+02 2.11 0.54 0.48 0.87 4.86E+02 1.67E+02 2.91
V   0.25   0.25   0.28   0.20     0.24   1.33E+02   6.95E+01   9.30E+01   1.18E+02   4.13E+02   V 1.03E+02 1.28 0.67 0.90 1.14 1.25E+02 8.12E+01 1.54
W < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001   < 0.001 < 5.30E-01 < 2.78E-01 < 3.32E-01 < 5.91E-01 < 1.73E+00   W                
Zn   7.6   11.3   4.1   3.1     6.0   4.03E+03   3.14E+03   1.36E+03   1.83E+03   1.04E+04   Zn 2.59E+03 1.55 1.21 0.53 0.71 2.93E+03 2.25E+03 1.30
                                                               
NO3-   1220   2450   2710   1410     1768   6.47E+05   6.81E+05   9.00E+05   8.33E+05   3.06E+06   NO3- 7.65E+05 0.85 0.89 1.18 1.09 7.40E+05 7.90E+05 0.94
SO42-   2290   2480   2020   2360     2293   1.21E+06   6.89E+05   6.71E+05   1.39E+06   3.97E+06   SO42- 9.92E+05 1.22 0.69 0.68 1.41 1.30E+06 6.80E+05 1.92
pH   4.9   4.7   5.4   4.5                                              
                                              Rainfall 433 1.22 0.64 0.77 1.37 561 305 1.84
Note
(i)  Only the soluble fraction of the rainwater samples was analysed.
 

TABLE A3.1     QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL MEAN CONCENTRATIONS OF ELEMENTS IN AIR AT CHILTON (1998).
 
Element Quarterly Mean Concentration of Element in Air (ng/m3)  
Annual
 Annual Mean   Ratio  Ratio
                    Mean Air   Element/ Element/
    Jan-Mar   Apr-Jun   Jul-Aug   Oct-Dec   Concentration Particulate   Sc Sc
                    in Air Enrichment   in Air in Soil *
                    (ng/m3) Factor      
                             
                             
Ag 0.14 < 0.06 < 0.07 < 0.1 < 0.09 - < 5.441176 0.014
Al 168 85.0   78.6 34.8   91.6 0.5   5388.235 10000
As 1.0 0.54 0.69 0.79   0.76 52   44.41176 0.86
Au < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.002 < 0.003 < 0.003 - < 0.161765 0.00018
Br 8.7 5.2 4.7 8.3   6.7 557   395.5882 0.71
Ca   251 176 352 156   234 7.1   13750 1950
Cd   0.17 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 804   6.911765 0.0086
Ce 0.24 0.13 0.13 0.058   0.14 1.2   8.205882 7.1
Cl 1950 1190 1070 2063   1568 6589   92250 14
Co 0.16 0.068 0.14   0.10   0.12 6.3   6.882353 1.1
Cr 0.71 0.41 0.60 0.34   0.52 2.2   30.29412 14
Cs 0.042 0.026 0.043 0.027   0.035 2.4   2.029412 0.86
Cu   2.9   1.6   1.9   1.3   1.9 39   113.2353 2.9
Eu 0.0057 0.0015 0.0041 < 0.002   0.0033 3.6 < 0.195588 0.055
Fe 158 90.1 117 65.5   108 1.2   6332.353 5400
Hg 0.30 0.13 0.14 0.30   0.22 2975   12.79412 0.0043
I 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.5   1.4 118   83.82353 0.71
In < 0.007 < 0.003 < 0.01 < 0.007 < 0.007 - < 0.397059 0.0045
K 268 179   220 209   219 6.4   12882.35 2000
La   0.30   0.24 0.23 < 0.1   0.22 3.0 < 12.79412 4.3
Mg 180 136 139 172   157 13.0   9220.588 710
Mn 4.0 2.9 4.1 1.8   3.2 1.6   188.2353 120
Mo < 1 < 2 < 1 < 2 < 2 - < 91.63842 0.29
Na 1063 697 678 1196   909 59   53441.18 900
Ni   0.49   0.22   0.45 < 0.1   0.32 3.3   18.52941 5.7
Pb   18.8   9.0   12.0   12.4   13.1 548   767.6471 1.4
Rb 0.51 0.37 0.42 0.19   0.37 1.6   21.91176 14
Sb 1.0 0.66 0.87 0.89   0.86 50   50.29412 1
Sc 0.030 0.016 0.016 0.0066   0.017 1.0   1.008824 1
Se 0.73 0.59 0.61 0.49   0.61 1227   35.58824 0.029
Sm   0.017 0.010 0.0079 < 0.01   0.011 0.02 < 0.660294 27
Ti   13.0 10.0 < 7 < 4 < 9 - < 500 710
V 3.3 2.3 2.4 2.2   2.6 11   150 14
W   0.42   0.15 < 0.4 < 0.2 <